Note: The ENS App and ENS Explorer are both currently on Sepolia testnet. Behaviour and available features may change before mainnet.
The Name Wrapper is superseded by ENSv2. ENSv2 replaces Fuses with roles, so there is no reason to wrap new names: migrate your names to ENSv2 instead. This article remains the reference for names that are still wrapped.
Important: don't lock names or burn Fuses. Locked names may have upgrade limits under ENSv2; migration is the recommended path. [More on ENSv2]
Taking the Name Wrapper into account, an ENS name can be in one of these states:
Unregistered
The name has not even been registered/created yet, or it has expired.
Unwrapped
The name exists and has not expired (in the case of .eth second-level names). The Name Wrapper contract does not have ownership over the name. You own the name in the registry and/or .eth registrar.
Wrapped
The Name Wrapper contract has ownership of the name (in the registry/registrar). The Name Wrapper issues you an ERC-1155 NFT in return, which proves that you are the actual owner.
You can unwrap the name at any time, which burns the ERC-1155 NFT, and returns ownership in the registry/registrar back to you.
If your name is a subname like sub.name.eth, then the owner of name.eth can technically replace the subname and transfer it to a different owner.
In addition, the parent owner can burn parent-controlled Fuses on your name.
Emancipated
The owner of the parent name can no longer replace this name, or burn any additional Fuses on it. Wrapping a .eth second-level name (like name.eth) automatically puts it into the Emancipated state.
The owner can still unwrap and rewrap the name.
Locked
You can no longer unwrap the name. The owner can now burn owner-controlled Fuses on the name. The owner can now burn Fuses for subnames of this name as well.
See also: Name Wrapper Overview